TERM PAPER
NITA ANGGRE ROMPAS
08130002
ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF
LETTERS
UNIVERSITY OF
DARMA PERSADA
JAKARTA
2012
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Research
Pragmatics is the study of speaker’s meaning as distinct from
word or sentence meaning. The advantage of studying language via pragmatics is
that one can talk about people’s intended meanings, their assumptions, goals,
and the actions (for example, request) that they perform when they speak (Yule,
1996:4).
Based on the
explanation above, the speakers show their purposes by the language. The
language is an important communicative instrument to express the users’ mind.
It does not only create the peace, but also the war. The war occurs because of
the user does not apply the politeness strategies. The hearer often feels
offending because the speaker is unable to apply the strategies.
According to a web sponsored by University of Oregon, Department of Lingustics,
Brown and Levinson (1987: 60) state that politeness strategies are developed in
order to save the hearers' "face." Face refers to the respect that an
individual has for him or herself, and maintains that "self-esteem"
in public or in private situations. Usually you try to avoid embarrassing the
other person, or making them feel uncomfortable. Face Threatening Acts (FTA's)
are acts that infringe on the hearers' need to maintain his/her “self esteem”,
and to be respected. Politeness strategies are developed for the main purpose
of dealing with these FTA's (‘Politeness: 1997”). The speaker uses the
politeness strategies to avoid Face
Threatening Act (FTA).
The writer chooses the politeness
strategies in the utterances (speech act) of film. The utterances are analyzed
in the politeness strategies for doing
FTA; Bald on Record, Positive Politeness Strategy, Negative politeness strategy, Off the record Strategy. In this
analysis, the writer chooses the King’s Speech film (directed by Tom Hooper and
written by David Seidler) as a data source. The writer chooses this film
because of it is a true story of King George VI. Besides, the film receives
many awards and nominations. It has some nominations from Golden Globes, BAFTA, and
Academy Awards.
Politeness is an important aspect in the
communication. The speakers must apply politeness strategies for creating good
communication because those can minimize the threat.
1.2
Identification
of the Problem
Based on the
background, the writer identifies the major problem in the application of
politeness strategies because the speakers must apply those to create good
communication. Therefore, the writer assumes that the casts (King’s Speech Film) apply politeness
strategies in their speech acts to avoid FTA and to minimize the threat.
1.3
Limitation
of the Problem
The writer
limits the problem about the speech acts of the casts from the utterances in
film and the application of politeness strategies to avoid FTA.
1.4
Statement
of the Problem
Based
on the background above, the writer formulates the problem of the research as
follows:
1.4.1 What
is the most speech act that is utilized by the casts?
1.4.2 What
is the most politeness strategy that is applied by the casts?
1.5
Aim
of the Research
From
the problem mentioned above, the writer has the following aims:
1.5.1 To
analyze the most speech act that is utilized by the casts.
1.5.2 To
analyze the most politeness strategy that is applied by the casts.
1.6
Theoritical Framework
The
writer uses the politeness strategies for doing FTA by Brown and Levinson (1987) such as, Bald on Record, Positive Politeness Strategy,
Negative politeness strategy, Off the record Strategy. Besides, Searle classifies the
speech act become five kinds; assertive, directives, expressives, commisives,
& declaratives. The complete theories are in chapter II.
1.7
Methods
of the Research
In this research, the writer
uses descriptive qualitative approach with data sources (text, article, and
book). Source of the data in
this research is the King's Speech film
that is Tom Hooper as director. The data
is the speech act of the casts when they apply politeness strategies.
1.8
Benefits
of the Research
The result of this research
is expected to give some benefits. First, it shows further information for
students who want to learn about politeness strategy based on Brown and
Levinson and speech act by Searle. Second, this research might become the
reference for other writers who want to analyze similarly research. Third, it
gives the information for the readers how to apply and understand speech act in
the politeness strategies.
1.9
Systematic
Organization of the Research
The
writer is going to organize this research in order to make easier to
understand. This research is divided into four chapters:
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
The
chapter consists of background of the research, identification of the problem,
limitation of the problem, statement of the problem, theoretical framework, aim
of the research, methods of the research, benefits of the research and
systematic organization of the research.
CHAPTER 2 : THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The
chapter explains the theoretical framework from Linguists.
CHAPTER 3 : THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS THEORY
The
chapter is about the analysis of the application of politeness strategy in the
casts’ speech act.
CHAPTER 4 : CONCLUSION
The
chapter is the conclusion.
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